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<title>Structural cohesion</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Structural cohesion</span></span>

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<p>In <a href="Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, <b>structural cohesion</b> is the conception<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a useful formal definition and measure of <a href="Social_cohesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cohesion">cohesion</a> in <a href="Social_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Social groups">social groups</a>. It is defined as the minimal number of actors in a <a href="Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> that need to be removed to disconnect the group. It is thus identical to the question of the node <a href="Connectivity_(graph_theory)" title="Connectivity (graph theory)">connectivity</a> of a given <a href="Graph_(discrete_mathematics)" title="Graph (discrete mathematics)">graph</a> in <a href="Discrete_mathematics" title="Discrete mathematics">discrete mathematics</a>. The vertex-cut version of <a href="Menger's_theorem" title="Menger's theorem">Menger's theorem</a> also proves that the disconnection number is equivalent to a maximally sized group with a network in which every pair of persons has at least this number of separate paths between them. It is also useful to know that <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-cohesive graphs (or <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-components) are always a subgraph of a <a href="K-core" class="mw-redirect" title="K-core"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-core</a>, although a <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-core is not always <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-cohesive. A <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>-core is simply a subgraph in which all nodes have at least <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span> neighbors but it need not even be connected.

</p><p>The boundaries of <a href="Structural_endogamy" title="Structural endogamy">structural endogamy</a> in a kinship group are a special case of structural cohesion.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div>

<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080313044932/http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/index.php/Cohesive_blocking">Cohesive.blocking</a> is the R program for computing structural cohesion according to the Moody-White (2003) <a href="Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithm</a>. This wiki site provides numerous examples and a tutorial for use with R.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Some illustrative examples are presented in the gallery below:

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<div class="gallerytext">The 6-node ring in the graph has connectivity-2 or a level 2 of structural cohesion because the removal of two nodes is needed to disconnect it.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">The 6-node component (1-connected) has an embedded 2-component, nodes 1-5</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A 6-node clique is a 5-component, structural cohesion 5</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perceived_cohesion">Perceived cohesion</h2></div>

<p><b>Perceived Cohesion Scale</b> (<b>PCS</b>) is a six item scale that is used to measure structural cohesion in groups. In 1990, Bollen and Hoyle used the PCS and applied it to a study of large groups which were used to assess the <a href="Psychometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychometric">psychometric</a> qualities of their scale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Community_cohesion" title="Community cohesion">Community cohesion</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_cohesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cohesion">Social cohesion</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network" title="Social network">Social network</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFNWhite,_Douglas2003" class="citation journal cs1">N, T; <a href="Douglas_R._White" title="Douglas R. White">White, Douglas</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927142539/http://www2.asanet.org/journals/ASRFeb03MoodyWhite.pdf">"Structural Cohesion and Embeddedness: A Hierarchical Concept of Social Groups"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="American_Sociological_Review" title="American Sociological Review">American Sociological Review</a></i>. <b>68</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>25. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3088904">10.2307/3088904</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3088904">3088904</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.asanet.org/journals/ASRFeb03MoodyWhite.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<cite id="CITEREFWhiteFrank_Harary2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Douglas_R._White" title="Douglas R. White">White, Douglas</a>; <a href="Frank_Harary" title="Frank Harary">Frank Harary</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/sm-w23.PDF">"The Cohesiveness of Blocks in Social Networks: Node Connectivity and Conditional Density"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(book)</span>. <i>Sociological Methodology</i>. <b>31</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">305–</span>359. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.304.3296">10.1.1.304.3296</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0081-1750.00098">10.1111/0081-1750.00098</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15806800">15806800</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chin, Wynne W., et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/6/751">Perceived Cohesion: A Conceptual and Empirical Examination: Adapting and Testing the Perceived Cohesion Scale in a Small-Group Setting.</a> 1999. Small Group Research 30(6):751-766.</span>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Social_networks_and_social_media172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Social_network" title="Social network">Social networks</a> and <a href="Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Personal_network" title="Personal network">Personal</a></li>

<li><a href="Professional_network_service" title="Professional network service">Professional</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_network" title="Sexual network">Sexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Value_network" title="Value network">Value</a></li>

<li><a href="Clique" title="Clique">Clique</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adolescent_clique" title="Adolescent clique">Adolescent</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0E;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corporate_social_media" title="Corporate social media">Corporate social media</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_social_network" title="Distributed social network">Distributed social network</a> (<a href="Comparison_of_software_and_protocols_for_distributed_social_networking" title="Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking"><i>list</i></a>)</li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_social_networking" title="Enterprise social networking">Enterprise social networking</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_social_software" title="Enterprise social software">Enterprise social software</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Mobile social network</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_knowledge_networking" title="Personal knowledge networking">Personal knowledge networking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_social_networking_services" title="List of social networking services">List of social networking services</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_virtual_communities_with_more_than_1_million_users" title="List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users">List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br> theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0E;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ambient_awareness" title="Ambient awareness">Ambient awareness</a></li>

<li><a href="Assortative_mixing" title="Assortative mixing">Assortative mixing</a></li>

<li><a href="Attention_inequality" title="Attention inequality">Attention inequality</a></li>

<li><a href="Bridge_(interpersonal)" title="Bridge (interpersonal)">Interpersonal bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Organizational_network_analysis" title="Organizational network analysis">Organizational network analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Small-world_experiment" title="Small-world experiment">Small-world experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">Social aspects of television</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_capital" title="Social capital">Social capital</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_data_revolution" title="Social data revolution">Social data revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_exchange_theory" title="Social exchange theory">Social exchange theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_identity_theory" title="Social identity theory">Social identity theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_and_psychology" title="Social media and psychology">Social media and psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_intelligence" title="Social media intelligence">Social media intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_mining" title="Social media mining">Social media mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_optimization" title="Social media optimization">Social media optimization</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_analysis" title="Social network analysis">Social network analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_web" title="Social web">Social web</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_endogamy" title="Structural endogamy">Structural endogamy</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_collective_consciousness" title="Virtual collective consciousness">Virtual collective consciousness</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models and<br> processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Account_verification" title="Account verification">Account verification</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_aggregation" title="Social network aggregation">Aggregation</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_change_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Social network change detection">Change detection</a></li>

<li><a href="Blockmodeling" title="Blockmodeling">Blockmodeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Collaboration_graph" title="Collaboration graph">Collaboration graph</a></li>

<li><a href="Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Giant_Global_Graph" title="Giant Global Graph">Giant Global Graph</a></li>

<li><a href="Lateral_communication" title="Lateral communication">Lateral communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Reputation_system" title="Reputation system">Reputation system</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_bot" title="Social bot">Social bot</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_analytics" title="Social media analytics">Social media analytics</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_analysis_software" title="Social network analysis software">Social network analysis software</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_networking_potential" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking potential">Social networking potential</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_television" title="Social television">Social television</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0E;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Affinity_fraud" title="Affinity fraud">Affinity fraud</a></li>

<li><a href="Attention_economy" title="Attention economy">Attention economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Collaborative_finance" title="Collaborative finance">Collaborative finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Creator_economy" title="Creator economy">Creator economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Influencer_marketing" title="Influencer marketing">Influencer marketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrowcasting" title="Narrowcasting">Narrowcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_commerce" title="Social commerce">Social commerce</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_sorting" title="Social sorting">Social sorting</a></li>

<li><a href="Viral_marketing" title="Viral marketing">Viral marketing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algorithmic_radicalization" title="Algorithmic radicalization">Algorithmic radicalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_recognition" title="Community recognition">Community recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Complex_contagion" title="Complex contagion">Complex contagion</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_addiction" title="Computer addiction">Computer addiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Consequential_strangers" title="Consequential strangers">Consequential strangers</a></li>

<li><a href="Friend_of_a_friend" title="Friend of a friend">Friend of a friend</a></li>

<li><a href="Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li>

<li><a href="Friendship_paradox" title="Friendship paradox">Friendship paradox</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence-for-hire" title="Influence-for-hire">Influence-for-hire</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet addiction">Internet addiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_overload" title="Information overload">Information overload</a></li>

<li><a href="Overchoice" title="Overchoice">Overchoice</a></li>

<li><a href="Six_degrees_of_separation" title="Six degrees of separation">Six degrees of separation</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Social media addiction">Social media addiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_media_and_suicide" title="Social media and suicide">Social media and suicide</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_invisibility" title="Social invisibility">Social invisibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_game" title="Social network game">Social network game</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_and_the_Internet" title="Suicide and the Internet">Suicide and the Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribe_(internet)" title="Tribe (internet)">Tribe</a></li>

<li><a href="Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">Viral phenomenon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0E;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Friendship_recession" title="Friendship recession">Friendship recession</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">Peer pressure</a></li>

<li><a href="User_profile" title="User profile">User profile</a>

<ul><li><a href="Online_identity" title="Online identity">Online identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Persona_(user_experience)" title="Persona (user experience)">Persona</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_profiling" title="Social profiling">Social profiling</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_social_network_researchers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of social network researchers">Researchers</a></li>

<li><a href="Viral_messages" class="mw-redirect" title="Viral messages">Viral messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-11-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Structural_cohesion&oldid=1254976566">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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